3.3.2 Variable Speed Drive Self optimization Control Method and System for Manual Lifting Well Operation

Creating an optimization model for variable speed drive of beam pumping wells and a fully coupled implicit iterative solution method for boundary conditions of electric-machine-rod-pump interaction. A variable speed optimization drive operation strategy model and solution method were established with the optimization objective of power saving rate and the constraint conditions of no overload of peak torque in the gearbox, no overload of rod stress, no decrease in output, and no decrease in pump efficiency; Invented a flexible energy feedback control device for pumping wells, innovated a multi node-multi parameter dynamic synchronous measurement method and data processing method, established a variable speed flexible drive optimization technology for pumping wells, and effectively improved the economy and safety of oil well production.

Based on the Internet of Things and AI algorithms, a self optimizing control technology for artificial lifting wells is constructed with the goal of maximum production and minimum energy consumption. Innovated a reinforcement learning model framework and Q-learning, Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient (DDPG) algorithm for artificial lifting and mining, such as screw pumps and electric pumps, with action self optimization capabilities. Through interactive and flexible reward and punishment mechanisms with the environment, achieve parameter optimization decision-making and intelligent control of intelligent agents in complex environments, Solved the problem of traditional methods not being able to quickly adjust according to environmental changes and reduce the drainage effect.

3.3.3 "Staggered Peak Pumping Scheduling of Pumping Well Groups" and "Multi energy Complementary" Collaborative Adaptive Control Technology

With the continuous increase of electricity load in oil fields and the requirement of "carbon peaking and carbon neutrality", the advantages of efficient and environmentally friendly wind and photovoltaic power generation are prominent. The microgrid composed of "wind power+photoelectricity+grid power+DC bus" has been applied in the lifting production field of cluster well pad pumping units, as shown in Figure 2.

Establishing a dynamic coupling model and intelligent solution algorithm for the oil reservoir-wellbore-lifting equipment system based on energy utilization mutual feedback; Creating an adaptive collaborative optimization control mechanism for the coordination of supply and discharge, frequency conversion of motors within a cycle, and mutual feedback of energy consumption in the pumping well group; Researching on the full cycle variable speed drive control strategy based on the inertia energy utilization of the moving parts of the pumping unit; Inventing the mutual feed flexible inter pumping controller cabinet of oil well group based on edge computing (embedded energy mutual feed collaborative decision maker), collaborative optimization decision control multi energy complementary scheduling, peak shifting and interval pumping operation of oil well group, reciprocal power generation energy mutual feed, flexible operation, etc

Based on the reservoir seepage equation, transmission mechanism motion equation, three-dimensional dynamic equation of rod pipe fluid, external characteristic equation of motor, dynamic coupling equation of energy utilization mutual feedback model, and intelligent algorithm solution, the "staggered peak pumping scheduling of pumping well groups" and "multi energy complementary" adaptive collaborative control technology have been created, achieving optimization of well group operation parameters, mutual feedback sharing of energy, and circular utilization. A staggered pumping production optimization model for the "wind-light-electricity" multi energy complementary microgrid pumping well group lifting system was established with construction, operation, and maintenance costs as the objective function. An improved intelligent algorithm was used to solve the problem, maximizing the regulatory advantages of the "photovoltaic/wind power+intelligent switching" mode of low permeability oil wells and improving the energy-saving and emission reduction benefits of the lifting well group.

4.Trends and Suggestions for the Intelligent Development of Onshore Oil and Gas Production in China

4.1 Trends of Development

•  China's future intelligent oil fields will focus on expanding the full business chain of oil and gas production, deepening the real-time monitoring, diagnosis and warning, optimization decision-making, and intelligent control technology series of layered injection and production, and improving the overall intelligence of the oil and gas production chain;

•  Focus on developing the theoretical system of intelligent fracturing design, diagnosis, equipment, materials, and regulation for unconventional oil and gas reservoirs;

•  Develop an integrated intelligent production system for oil reservoir engineering that automatically matches injection and production ends;

•  Develop advanced hydraulic control, all electric control, electro-hydraulic integrated control, wireless transmission control and other intelligent completion technologies and intelligent coordinated control systems to realize the transformation of complex reservoir production from "lag control" to "real-time optimization".

1).The overall IoT pattern of the entire business chain of oil and gas production is bound to form.

Although the Internet of Things technology has penetrated the entire business chain of oil and gas exploration, development, production, gathering and transportation, oil and gas processing, and oil and gas export sales, its technological development and application are extremely uneven, and the various fields of the Internet of Things system have not seamlessly connected to form an overall system. Therefore, it is very necessary to shift from individual IoT solutions to full link implementation of overall intelligent IoT. In the future, the oil and gas production Internet of Things system will no longer be an independent injection and production wellbore and surface production Internet of Things system. It will form a "big Internet of Things system" together with the exploration, development, production, gathering and transportation, pipeline transportation, and oil and gas product sales Internet of Things system, achieving the integration of the entire industry chain. From oil extraction to oil and gas export, the entire chain of the Internet of Things is complete and unified. Real time diagnosis, fault prediction, and operation optimization of the oil and gas drilling, production, and sales equipment used are carried out to improve the efficiency of reservoir, oil well, facility management, and production operation, forming an overall intelligent development of the entire oil and gas production chain.

2).Intelligent injection and production has become a key technology for improving the recovery rate of water drive reservoirs

The goal of intelligent injection and production technology is to form an intelligent layered injection and production real-time monitoring and control process technology series, as well as an integrated intelligent optimization production system for oil reservoirs and engineering; to develop advanced hydraulic control, full electronic control, electro-hydraulic integrated control, wireless transmission control and other intelligent completion technologies and intelligent coordinated control systems to realize the transformation of complex reservoir production from "lag control" to "real-time optimization".

At present, various types of intelligent layering control technologies for oil and water wells have been developed in China, and the level of individual technologies is relatively close to that of foreign countries. However, there is still a need for research in intelligent underground layering testing and underground layering control. In the future, block collaborative application of layered oil production and layered water injection technology should be carried out, with integrated design of layered oil production and layered water injection schemes, and corresponding analysis of the lower sections of the wells at the production and injection ends should be strengthened; That is, using continuous, long-term, and rich underground monitoring data from multiple layers at the injection and production ends of the same block, conducting fine-grained geological modeling driven by big data, obtaining reservoir fluid saturation and pressure field evolution models constrained by real-time layered injection and production data, deepening the understanding of reservoir heterogeneity and flow bands, and reducing the uncertainty of remaining oil distribution prediction, Finally, the real-time intelligent control technology is used to automatically match and adjust the parameters of injection end and production end, realizing the transformation of development adjustment from "lag control" to "real-time optimization".

3) .The fusion of "mechanism+data" drives the "cognition" and "decision-making" of oil and gas production

A "cloud edge" collaborative framework should be built on the basis of digital oilfields to achieve the extension of cloud capabilities at the edge, rapid cloud access of edge data, deployment of artificial intelligence algorithms at the edge, accelerate the deep integration of big data, digital twins, artificial intelligence and other technologies with oil and gas production mechanism models, and form cognitive and collaborative decision-making capabilities for integrated production of oil reservoirs, wellbore, and surface. Carrying out digital modeling of injection and production units based on digital twins, integrate mechanism and data driven integration, establish injection and production regulation agent models through machine learning, apply intelligent algorithms for automatic optimization, and form an integrated analysis and optimization method for injection and production. Establish an automatic matching regulation mechanism and intelligent regulation system for injection and production ends, and achieve real-time perception, diagnosis, early warning of the production process of injection and production units Intelligent services such as regulation.

4.2 Development Suggestions

(1).Efforts should be made to develop China's smart oil and gas production ecosystem. To build an intelligent application ecosystem covering business fields such as oil and gas development and production, collaborative research, production operation, business management, safety and environmental protection, and achieve intelligent operation sites, integrated production and operation, integrated business management, and collaborative research and design, thereby improving work efficiency and quality.

(2).We should vigorously promote the digital transformation and intelligent development of oil and gas production. Supported by the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, we will promote technological innovation and management process optimization in oil and gas production, promote organizational changes and digital transformation of oilfield production models, reduce safety risks and production costs, improve international competitiveness, and achieve China's leading position in the world's advanced oil and gas production field.

(3) .We should actively promote the integration and development of oil and gas production with new energy; actively expand the scale of oil and gas production and utilization of green electricity, and strive to create "low-carbon" and "zero carbon" oil and gas fields; actively promote the construction of green oil production well pads and research on multi energy complementary microgrid production optimization technology, carry out research on "low-carbon, carbon reduction+" series technologies such as intelligent injection and production, well station opening, and new injection and production, reduce energy consumption and carbon emissions from the source, and promote the transformation of energy consumption structure from "efficient" to "low-carbon" in oil and gas production.

5. Conclusion

Global technology is rapidly developing towards digitization, informatization, and intelligence, and the intelligence of oil and gas exploration and development has become a forefront hotspot and development trend in the industry. China's onshore oil and gas fields should take advantage of the opportunity of international energy transformation, vigorously promote the integration of oil and gas production and new energy development, accelerate the transformation of energy consumption structure, digital transformation, and intelligent development of oil and gas production, promote the optimization and reconstruction of business processes and the transformation and upgrading of oilfield production models, and achieve efficient, green, and sustainable development of China's onshore oil and gas production.