3.4 Robot Inspection Technology

At present, robot inspection technology is mainly applied in monitoring and locating CO₂ pipeline leaks on the seabed. Collecting qualitative data on pipeline leakage events through spectral/spectroscopic methods requires robots to conduct inspections along suspicious sections and use sensors (acoustic, optical, temperature, etc.) configured by the robots to obtain quantitative data on pipeline leaks.When robots work underwater, they also need the cooperation of submersibles or maintenance ships to jointly complete the inspection and maintenance of underwater pipelines. According to relevant information, robots can be combined with artificial intelligence technology to independently carry out routine inspection tasks in a timely manner, obtain information, and synchronously transmit it to the terminal control platform.

4. Exploration on the Intelligent Development of CO₂ Transmission Pipelines

At present, there is no widely unified understanding of the intelligent development of CO₂ transmission pipelines. Driven by the demand for CO₂ transmission pipeline business and using pipeline transportation+ICT technology as a means, comprehensive sensing, data sharing, prediction and warning, and collaborative operation around CO₂ pipelines will be the future trend of intelligent development of CO₂ transmission pipelines.

4.1 Highlight Data Governance and Centralized Sharing to Form an Intelligent Data ecosystem for CO₂ transmission pipelines

CO₂ transmission pipelines generate a large amount of data information that is distributed across different system platforms, resulting in a lack of centralized sharing, unified push, business traceability, and other functions.In the initial stage of building various system platforms, overall consideration should be given to data interaction between platforms, establishing unified data standards, implementing data governance responsibilities, achieving smooth business processes, reducing duplicate data entry, and eliminating information silos.At the same time, establish a CO₂ pipeline data center, build a CO₂ pipeline data platform, automatically collect and intelligently input various types of data (including basic data and business data) from the CO₂ transmission pipeline, and provide data support for the CO₂ pipeline system as a unified data source to achieve information and data interconnection. Sort out the scope of shared data, formulate data sharing rules, and promote data sharing.

In addition, combining dynamic risk assessment, line integrity assessment, equipment reliability assessment and other methods to meet the data requirements for CO₂ pipeline and equipment status monitoring, intelligent processing units are added to the pipeline body and ancillary facilities, geological disaster sites, and station equipment facilities in risk areas and locations to achieve data preprocessing, improve the computing efficiency of the data cloud platform, and form a new intelligent ecosystem for CO₂ transmission pipeline data.

4.2 Conduct Research on Key Transportation Technologies and Deeply Explore the Demand for Intelligent Construction of CO₂ Pipelines

Driven by demand and problem oriented.In the early stage of intelligent construction of CO₂ transmission pipelines, a comprehensive analysis and demonstration should be conducted to address the key needs and problems faced during the CO₂ pipeline transportation process, in order to determine the functions of the CO₂ intelligent pipeline.For example, establishing relevant models through intelligent algorithms to solve problems such as inability to verify and correct during the production and operation of supercritical CO₂ pipelines; By analyzing the business model and data mining of CO₂ transmission pipelines, functions such as safety control, emergency management risk operation trend prediction, equipment and facility condition diagnosis and predictive maintenance, and safety and environmental protection warning can be achieved during the transportation process.

4.3 Deep Integration of Data and Models, Collaborative Construction of CO₂ Pipeline Digital Twin

The digital twin of CO₂ pipeline is divided into two stages: construction and application, which are synchronized with the entire process of design, construction, operation and maintenance, retirement and storage of physical CO₂ pipeline assets.Implement twin building on the system platform, collect operational parameters through the Internet of Things to achieve real-time updates of digital twin data, and support functions such as analysis, simulation, optimization, and prediction.The construction phase refers to the digital handover of the newly built CO₂ pipeline, which involves comprehensive and continuous digital 3D modeling of the physical pipeline during feasibility study, design, procurement, and construction stages, to achieve the initial construction of the data model for the digital twin;On the basis of unified standards and digitization, a digital cloud design platform for CO₂ pipelines will be constructed. Through the "end+cloud" system architecture, it will meet the needs of different design units and owner units for remote collaborative design, review, and design management, greatly improving project design quality and efficiency, and facilitating efficient design management by owners;The application stage refers to the use of digital delivery of asset static data and pipeline dynamic data, and the comprehensive application of mechanism models and artificial intelligence algorithms to accurately predict the CO₂ pipeline transportation process, pipeline body and equipment risk changes under the joint action of multiple factors, quickly diagnose the main causes of accidents and events, and provide a "data+algorithm" foundation for the optimization of CO₂ pipeline operation and dynamic balance of reliability.

4.4 Iterative Improvement of Intelligent Pipeline Construction, gradually Promoting the Development of CO₂ Smart Pipelines

From relevant online literature, it can be found that the concepts and definitions of "intelligence" and "wisdom" are different.Overall, "intelligence" is the general term for intelligence and ability. Intelligence is the foundation of ability, while ability is the practical activity of acquiring and applying knowledge to solve problems;And 'wisdom' is based on the advanced comprehensive abilities of the nervous system, such as discernment perception, logical calculation, inductive analysis, predictive judgment, etc., which can be roughly understood as a higher stage of 'intelligence'.With the rapid development of information technology, many fields are named "smart", such as smart cities, smart healthcare, smart pipelines, etc. However, there is no unified understanding of the definition of "smart pipeline".As mentioned earlier, the construction of the China Russia East Gas Intelligent Pipeline is only the prelude to the "smart pipeline". However, the substantial construction of the "smart pipeline" still needs to be continuously expanded and optimized. Based on the "smart" technology, the entire lifecycle of the pipeline should be made safer, more reliable, energy-saving, and environmentally friendly.Therefore, the construction of "smart" CO₂ transmission pipelines should continue to develop and iterate on the basis of "smart" construction. The required "smart" functions should be carried out in sequence throughout the entire life cycle of CO₂ transmission pipelines, and each function should be developed in order of difficulty and urgency, with a focus on strengthening the "smart" characteristics of CO₂ transmission pipelines in process system operation management and regulation.

5. Conclusions

1) The intelligent construction of domestic oil and gas pipelines is relatively late compared to foreign construction. With the first proposal of the concept of "digital pipeline" for the connection line of the West East Gas Pipeline between Hebei and Ningxia, and the operation of the China Russia East Gas Intelligent Pipeline, the construction of "smart pipelines" towards "smart pipelines" has gradually begun in China.

2) As an important component of CCUS, CO₂ pipeline transportation is mainly divided into gas phase zone, liquid phase zone, dense phase zone, and supercritical zone. Due to the complex phase characteristics of CO₂, it is prone to corrosion, leakage, and other phenomena, which affect the safe transportation of pipelines.

3) Regarding the issue of CO₂ pipeline corrosion, artificial neural network (ANN) technology is mainly used to predict the CO₂ corrosion rate; To address the issue of CO₂ pipeline leakage, distributed fiber optic positioning technology is mainly used, which can also be combined with acoustic wave method (ultrasonic/infrasonic), negative pressure wave method and other technologies to calculate the location of the leakage point.

4) The intelligent development of CO₂ transmission pipelines should be driven by business needs, using transmission technology and ICT technology as means to achieve comprehensive perception, data sharing, prediction and warning, and collaborative operation of CO₂ pipelines; The development of intelligence should be iteratively optimized, steadily promoted, and continuously improved on the basis of intelligent development.